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PRE-CHANUKA THOUGHTS
In many respects Chanuka is an enigmatic holiday. It celebrates an ephemeral and seemingly hollow triumph. The military victory of the Hasmoneans, as is the case with most military victories, proved to be temporary. The rule of the Hasmonean kings over Judea was a period laden with internal and external strife, civil war and eventual capitulation to Roman domination.
The rise of The Saducees, eventually encouraged by Alexander Yanai, the most powerful of the Hasmonean kings, undermined the peoples’ faith in Torah and rabbinic tradition. So why is there such a big deal over the matter of Chanuka? It seems akin to the Japanese celebrating Pearl Harbor Day, December 7, as a national holiday today. And as far as the miraculous lights of Chanuka, the little oil that burned for eight days in the Temple, the Temple was destroyed two centuries later and with it the golden candelabra disappeared from the Jewish world.
Yet, if the rabbis of the Mishna declared Chanuka to be a holiday and it has been and remains such a holiday of family affection and meaning over all of the long years of Jewish history there is undoubtedly a deeper cause that lies behind its existence and its longevity and staying power.
The Jewish people and its rabbinic leadership are very hesitant to proclaim holidays or even days of commemoration. The recitation of the Hallel prayer on special commemorative days has remained a very touchy subject even in our present day world. Yet Chanuka merits eight full days of the recitation of the complete Hallel prayer. Why?
I think that the answer lies in the view of the rabbis and of tradition as to the true nature of the struggle that Chanuka commemorates for us. The Jews were engaged in not only a military struggle against the Syrian Greeks but, more importantly, in a cultural struggle for the hearts and minds of Jews. The Syrian Greeks attempted to impose their culture, mores, way of life and beliefs on the Jews. In this they failed.
The Jewish population had its own fifth column – the Hellenist Jews who were willing to succumb to the outward blandishments of Greek society and behavior. But the core of the Jewish people refused to be deterred from its traditions and uniquely holy value system.
In The Purim story we read that “Mordecai would not bend nor bow.” Chanuka is the companion holiday to Purim and the Hasmoneans in their original mold and the Jewish people at all times would also not bend nor bow to Greek culture. Rabbi Yehuda Halevi of twelfth century Spain summed up the matter succinctly in his comment on Greek culture: “It is all beautiful flowers but produces no fruit.”
The triumph of Judaism over paganism and Greek culture was lasting, at least as far as the Jewish world is concerned. Thus the lights of Chanuka are certainly justified even today. They represent the light of Torah and goodness in a world of fright and darkness.
Judaism has warred with many cultures over its long history. It struggled against Marxist atheism in this age, both in the Soviet Union and even here in the Land of Israel. Yet it has once again proven its invincibility. Jewish life in present day Russia exists and grows, ninety years after Lenin and Stalin arose to destroy it.
In fact, it is today’s symbol of the living candle of Jews and Judaism that Chanuka represents and strengthens. Today’s inner enemy is apathy and hedonism. Yet, here too, we can see signs of a slow return to Jewish life style and values. We praise God on Chanuka with our Hallel service in order to remind us that this struggle to remain Jewish – witness the difficulty we have to have anyone admit that we are a Jewish state – is one that we have always won.
It is a lasting triumph and the fulfillment of our destiny and mission. The rabbis stated that “a little light can push away a great amount of darkness.” As we prepare ourselves to light our Chanuka lights we should remember this truism. It is no empty ritual that is being performed.
Rather it is an affirmation of faith in our better future and a measure of thankfulness for the opportunities granted to us in our time. In the darkness of a seemingly never-ending exile, the small lights of Chanuka illuminated our way and gave us hope and warmth. They will certainly continue to do so in our time as they did in the days of the past.
Shabat shalom.
Berel Wein
